Goniometry is the measurement of joint angles using a device called a goniometer. It is commonly used by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and orthopedic specialists to assess range of motion and track rehabilitation progress.

What are normal range of motion values?

Normal ROM values vary by joint and movement. For example, shoulder flexion is typically 0-180°, knee flexion is 0-135°, and hip flexion is 0-120°. This calculator includes comprehensive normative data from AAOS and AMA guidelines.

How do I use a goniometer?

Place the goniometer's fulcrum over the joint axis, align the stationary arm with the proximal segment, and align the moving arm with the distal segment. Read the angle where the moving arm crosses the scale. This calculator provides detailed positioning guides for each measurement.

Can I track patient progress with this tool?

Yes! Save measurements over time for anonymous patient sessions. The tool generates progress charts showing ROM improvement and can export session data for your records. All data is stored locally on your device for privacy.

Is this tool accurate for clinical use?

This tool uses normative ROM values from established medical references (AAOS, AMA). While it is an excellent reference and tracking tool, clinical measurements should always be performed with a calibrated goniometer and interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional.

Free Online Goniometry Calculator for Physical Therapy (No Signup)

🦴 Select Body Region

🎯 Visual Goniometer

Drag the blue arm to set the angle. The red arm is fixed. Click "Use This Angle" to transfer to measurement.

0°

💡 Tips

The red arm represents the stationary/proximal segment
The blue arm represents the moving/distal segment
Drag the blue arm clockwise or counterclockwise
The angle shown is always the included angle between the two arms
For hyperextension, the angle will exceed 180°

⚖️ Bilateral Comparison

Compare left and right side ROM for the same movement.

Body Region

Movement

📋 Measurement Sessions

Sessions are stored locally on your device. Create a new session for each patient visit or evaluation.

Session Label

📖 Normative ROM Reference

Values based on AAOS (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) and AMA guidelines. Ranges may vary by age, sex, and individual factors.

Filter by Region

Region	Movement	Normal ROM	Functional ROM

🔬 End Feel Classification

End Feel	Description	Examples
Soft	Soft tissue approximation	Knee flexion (calf meets thigh), elbow flexion
Firm	Muscular/capsular stretch	Hip rotation, ankle dorsiflexion, forearm rotation
Hard	Bone-to-bone contact	Elbow extension, knee extension
Empty	No mechanical stop; pain limits motion	Acute bursitis, fracture, neoplasm
Springy Block	Rebound at end range	Meniscal tear (knee), loose body
Spasm	Muscle guarding halts movement	Acute injury, inflammation, protective splinting

📐 Goniometer Positioning Quick Guide

General principle: fulcrum over joint axis, stationary arm along proximal segment, moving arm along distal segment.

Measurement	Patient Position	Fulcrum	Stationary Arm	Moving Arm
Shoulder Flexion	Seated or supine	Acromion process	Midaxillary line of trunk	Lateral midline of humerus
Elbow Flexion	Supine or seated	Lateral epicondyle	Lateral midline of humerus	Lateral midline of radius
Hip Flexion	Supine	Greater trochanter	Lateral midline of pelvis	Lateral midline of femur
Knee Flexion	Supine or prone	Lateral epicondyle of femur	Lateral midline of femur	Lateral midline of fibula
Ankle Dorsiflexion	Seated, knee flexed	Lateral malleolus	Lateral midline of fibula	Parallel to 5th metatarsal